Skin Cancer

Changes that may need medical attention. Symptoms can also be caused by conditions other than cancer.

• A new growth, spot or sore that does not heal
• A mole that changes in size, shape or colour
• A spot that looks different from other marks on your skin
• A lesion that itches, bleeds or becomes painful
• A rough or scaly patch that persists
• A wound that repeatedly heals and returns

Factors that may increase the chance of developing this cancer. Having a risk factor does not mean someone will develop cancer.

• Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation
• Repeated sunburn, particularly during childhood
• Use of tanning beds or sunlamps
• A personal or family history of skin cancer
• Having many moles or certain unusual moles
• A weakened immune system

Practical steps that may help reduce risk and support overall health.

• Seek shade, especially during the strongest sunlight hours
• Wear protective clothing, a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses
• Use broad-spectrum sunscreen and reapply as directed
• Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps
• Check your skin for new or changing marks
• Seek medical advice for suspicious or persistent skin changes

Tests and examinations that may help detect cancer or precancerous changes.

• Be aware of changes in existing moles and the appearance of new spots.
• A healthcare professional may examine a suspicious skin lesion.
• A skin biopsy may be needed to confirm a diagnosis.
• People at higher risk may benefit from an individual skin examination plan.

Treatment depends on the cancer type, stage and the person's overall health.

• Surgical removal
• Mohs surgery for selected skin cancers
• Radiation therapy
• Topical medicines for certain superficial cancers
• Immunotherapy for selected cases
• Targeted therapy for certain advanced cancers